Citations for Glutamine

  1. Altamura C, Maes M, Dai J, Meltzer HY. Plasma concentrations of excitatory amino acids, serine, glycine, taurine and histidine in major depression. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 1995;5 Suppl:71-75.
  2. Am J Clin Nutr. January 1, 2006 2006;83(1):115-123.
  3. Andrews FJ, Griffiths RD. Glutamine: essential for immune nutrition in the critically ill. Br J Nutr. Jan 2002;87 Suppl 1:S3-8.
  4. Barbul A. Proline Precursors to Sustain Mammalian Collagen Synthesis. J. Nutr. 2008;138(10):2021S-2024.
  5. Bastian L, Weimann A. Immunonutrition in patients after multiple trauma. Br J Nutr. Jan 2002;87 Suppl 1:S133-134.
  6. Battezzati A, Simonson DC, Luzi L, Matthews DE. Glucagon increases glutamine uptake without affecting glutamine release in humans. Metabolism. Jun 1998;47(6):713-723.
  7. Bellows CF, Jaffe BM. Glutamine is essential for nitric oxide synthesis by murine macrophages. J Surg Res. 1999;86(2):213-219.
  8. Ben-Menachem E, Hamberger A, Hedner T, et al. Effects of vagus nerve stimulation on amino acids and other metabolites in the CSF of patients with partial seizures. Epilepsy Res. Mar 1995;20(3):221-227.
  9. Berger MM, Mustafa I. Metabolic and nutritional support in acute cardiac failure. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. Mar 2003;6(2):195-201.
  10. Bertolo RF, Burrin DG. Comparative Aspects of Tissue Glutamine and Proline Metabolism. J. Nutr. 2008;138(10):2032S-2039.
  11. Boelens PG, Fonk JC, Houdijk AP, et al. Primary immune response to keyhole limpet haemocyanin following trauma in relation to low plasma glutamine. Clin Exp Immunol. May 2004;136(2):356-364.
  12. Boelens PG, Houdijk AP, de Thouars HN, et al. Plasma taurine concentrations increase after enteral glutamine supplementation in trauma patients and stressed rats. Am J Clin Nutr. Jan 2003;77(1):250-256.
  13. Bozzetti F, Biganzoli L, Gavazzi C, et al. Glutamine supplementation in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: A double-blind randomized study. Nutrition. 1997;13(7-8):748-751.
  14. Buchman AL. Glutamine: commercially essential or conditionally essential? A critical appraisal of the human data. Am J Clin Nutr. Jul 2001;74(1):25-32.
  15. Cao Y, Feng Z, Hoos A, Klimberg VS. Glutamine enhances gut glutathione production. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. Jul-Aug 1998;22(4):224-227.
  16. Choudry HA, Pan M, Karinch AM, Souba WW. Branched-Chain Amino Acid-Enriched Nutritional Support in Surgical and Cancer Patients. J. Nutr. January 1, 2006 2006;136(1):314S-318.
  17. Chuang DT, Chuang JL, Wynn RM. Lessons from Genetic Disorders of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism. J. Nutr. January 1, 2006 2006;136(1):243S-249.
  18. Coeffier M, Miralles-Barrachina O, Le Pessot F, et al. Influence of glutamine on cytokine production by human gut in vitro. Cytokine. Feb 7 2001;13(3):148-154.
  19. Csernansky JG, Bardgett ME, Sheline YI, Morris JC, Olney JW. CSF excitatory amino acids and severity of illness in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. Jun 1996;46(6):1715-1720.
  20. Curis E, Nicolis I, Moinard C, et al. Almost all about citrulline in mammals. Amino Acids. 2005;29(3):177-205.
  21. D'Souza R, Powell-Tuck J. Glutamine supplements in the critically ill. J R Soc Med. Sep 2004;97(9):425-427.
  22. Du XL, Edelstein D, Rossetti L, et al. Hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial superoxide overproduction activates the hexosamine pathway and induces plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression by increasing Sp1 glycosylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000;97(22):12222-12226.
  23. Flaring UB, Rooyackers OE, Wernerman J, Hammarqvist F. Glutamine attenuates post-traumatic glutathione depletion in human muscle. Clin Sci (Lond). Mar 2003;104(3):275-282.
  24. Garlick PJ. Assessment of the safety of glutamine and other amino acids. J Nutr. Sep 2001;131(9 Suppl):2556S-2561S.
  25. Gleeson M. Dosing and Efficacy of Glutamine Supplementation in Human Exercise and Sport Training. J. Nutr. 2008;138(10):2045S-2049.
  26. Haberle J, Gorg B, Rutsch F, et al. Congenital glutamine deficiency with glutamine synthetase mutations. N Engl J Med. Nov 3 2005;353(18):1926-1933.
  27. Hashiguchi Y, Fukushima R, Saito H, et al. Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor alter plasma concentration and interorgan fluxes of taurine in dogs. Shock. 1997;7(2):147-153.
  28. Hasler G, van der Veen JW, Tumonis T, Meyers N, Shen J, Drevets WC. Reduced Prefrontal Glutamate/Glutamine and {gamma}-Aminobutyric Acid Levels in Major Depression Determined Using Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007;64(2):193-200.
  29. Hawkins DS, Park JR, Thomson BG, et al. Asparaginase pharmacokinetics after intensive polyethylene glycol-conjugated L-asparaginase therapy for children with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Clin Cancer Res. Aug 15 2004;10(16):5335-5341.
  30. Hawkins RA, O'Kane RL, Simpson IA, Vina JR. Structure of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Its Role in the Transport of Amino Acids. J. Nutr. January 1, 2006 2006;136(1):218S-226.
  31. Holecek M. Relation between glutamine, branched-chain amino acids, and protein metabolism. Nutrition. Feb 2002;18(2):130-133.
  32. Houdijk AP, Visser JJ, Rijnsburger ER, Teerlink T, van Leeuwen PA. Dietary glutamine supplementation reduces plasma nitrate levels in rats [see comments]. Clin Nutr. 1998;17(1):11-14.
  33. Huang E-Y, Leung SW, Wang C-J, et al. Oral glutamine to alleviate radiation-induced oral mucositis: a pilot randomized trial. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics. 2000;46(3):535-539.
  34. Hutson SM, Sweatt AJ, Lanoue KF. Branched-chain [corrected] amino acid metabolism: implications for establishing safe intakes. J Nutr. Jun 2005;135(6 Suppl):1557S-1564S.
  35. James LR, Fantus IG, Goldberg H, Ly H, Scholey JW. Overexpression of GFAT activates PAI-1 promoter in mesangial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. Oct 2000;279(4):F718-727.
  36. James LR, Ingram A, Ly H, Thai K, Cai L, Scholey JW. Angiotensin II activates the GFAT promoter in mesangial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. Jul 2001;281(1):F151-162.
  37. Kalhan SC, Parimi PS. Transamination of Leucine and Nitrogen Accretion in Human Pregnancy and the Newborn Infant. J. Nutr. January 1, 2006 2006;136(1):281S-287.
  38. Kamoun P, Rabier D, Bardet J, Parvy P. Citrulline concentrations in human plasma after arginine load. Clin Chem. 1991;37(7):1287.
  39. Kamoun P, Richard V, Rabier D, Saudubray JM. Plasma lysine concentration and availability of 2-ketoglutarate in liver mitochondria. J Inherit Metab Dis. Feb 2002;25(1):1-6.
  40. Kimura T, Renwick AG, Kadowaki M, Cynober LA. The 7th Workshop on the Assessment of Adequate Intake of Dietary Amino Acids: Summary of General Discussion. J. Nutr. 2008;138(10):2050S-2052.
  41. Kinscherf R, Hack V, Fischbach T, et al. Low plasma glutamine in combination with high glutamate levels indicate risk for loss of body cell mass in healthy individuals: the effect of N- acetyl-cysteine. J Mol Med. 1996;74(7):393-400.
  42. Klimberg VS. Is Glutamine Effective in Enhancing Host Immune Response to Tumors?
  43. Lehmann A. Abnormalities in the levels of extracellular and tissue amino acids in the brain of the seizure-susceptible rat. Epilepsy Res. Mar-Apr 1989;3(2):130-137.
  44. Levy J. Immunonutrition: the pediatric experience. Nutrition. Jul-Aug 1998;14(7-8):641-647.
  45. Ling SC, Griffiths AM. Nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. Sep 2000;3(5):339-344.
  46. Lowe DK, Benfell K, Smith RJ, et al. Safety of glutamine-enriched parenteral nutrient solutions in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. Dec 1990;52(6):1101-1106.
  47. Maddison JE, Leong DK, Dodd PR, Johnston GA. Plasma GABA-like activity in rats with hepatic encephalopathy is due to GABA and taurine. Hepatology. 1990;11(1):105-110.
  48. Matthews DE, Campbell RG. The effect of dietary protein intake on glutamine and glutamate nitrogen metabolism in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;55(5):963-970.
  49. Mazurek S, Boschek CB, Eigenbrodt E. The role of phosphometabolites in cell proliferation, energy metabolism, and tumor therapy. J Bioenerg Biomembr. Aug 1997;29(4):315-330.
  50. McCarty MF, Block KI. Toward a Core Nutraceutical Program for Cancer Management
  51. Morken TS, Sonnewald U, Aschner M, Syversen T. Effects of Methylmercury on Primary Brain Cells in Mono- and Co-culture. Toxicol. Sci. September 1, 2005 2005;87(1):169-175.
  52. Nelson J, Qureshi IA, Ghole VS, Deshmukh DR. Regulation of orotic acid biosynthesis and excretion induced by oral glutamine administration in mice. Biochem Med Metab Biol. 1993;49(3):338-350.
  53. Nissim I. Newer aspects of glutamine/glutamate metabolism: the role of acute pH changes. Am J Physiol. Oct 1999;277(4 Pt 2):F493-497.
  54. Nurjhan N, Bucci A, Perriello G, et al. Glutamine: a major gluconeogenic precursor and vehicle for interorgan carbon transport in man. J Clin Invest. Jan 1995;95(1):272-277.
  55. Oehler R, Pusch E, Dungel P, et al. Glutamine depletion impairs cellular stress response in human leucocytes. Br J Nutr. Jan 2002;87 Suppl 1:S17-21.
  56. Ohtani M, Sugita M, Maruyama K. Amino Acid Mixture Improves Training Efficiency in Athletes. J. Nutr. February 1, 2006 2006;136(2):538S-543.
  57. Olkku A, Bodine PVN, Linnala-Kankkunen A, Mahonen A. Glucocorticoids induce glutamine synthetase expression in human osteoblastic cells: a novel observation in bone. Bone. 2004/2 2004;34(2):320-329.
  58. Peter M. Anderson GSKMS. Oral glutamine reduces the duration and severity of stomatitis after cytotoxic cancer chemotherapy. Cancer. 1998;83(7):1433-1439.
  59. Rajeswari TS, Radha E. Age-related effects of nutritional vitamin B6 deficiency on B6-dependent enzymes of glutamate, gamma-aminobutyrate and glutamine systems in the rat brain. Exp Gerontol. 1984;19(2):87-93.
  60. Redmond HP, Stapleton PP, Neary P, Bouchier-Hayes D. Immunonutrition: the role of taurine. Nutrition. Jul-Aug 1998;14(7-8):599-604.
  61. Roth E. L-argine-nitric oxide metabolism. Glutamine: a new player in this metabolic game? [editorial; comment]. Clin Nutr. 1998;17(1):1-2.
  62. Roth E. Nonnutritive Effects of Glutamine. J. Nutr. 2008;138(10):2025S-2031.
  63. Rutten EP, Engelen MP, Wouters EF, Schols AM, Deutz NE. Metabolic effects of glutamine and glutamate ingestion in healthy subjects and in persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  64. Sawara K, Kato A, Yoshioka Y, Suzuki K. Brain glutamine and glutamate levels in patients with liver cirrhosis: assessed by 3.0-T MRS. Hepatol Res. Sep 2004;30(1):18-23.
  65. Sriram K. The role of glutamine in modulating the body's immune function. Nutrition. Jun 1999;15(6):443.
  66. Stork C, Renshaw PF. Mitochondrial dysfunction in bipolar disorder: evidence from magnetic resonance spectroscopy research. Mol Psychiatry. Oct 2005;10(10):900-919.
  67. Stumvoll M, Meyer C, Kreider M, Perriello G, Gerich J. Effects of glucagon on renal and hepatic glutamine gluconeogenesis in normal postabsorptive humans. Metabolism. Oct 1998;47(10):1227-1232.
  68. Stumvoll M, Meyer C, Perriello G, Kreider M, Welle S, Gerich J. Human kidney and liver gluconeogenesis: evidence for organ substrate selectivity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. May 1, 1998 1998;274(5):E817-826.
  69. Stumvoll M, Perriello G, Meyer C, Gerich J. Role of glutamine in human carbohydrate metabolism in kidney and other tissues. Kidney Int. Mar 1999;55(3):778-792.
  70. Stumvoll M, Perriello G, Nurjhan N, et al. Glutamine and alanine metabolism in NIDDM. Diabetes. Jul 1996;45(7):863-868.
  71. Tamarappoo BK, Raizada MK, Kilberg MS. Identification of a system N-like Na(+)-dependent glutamine transport activity in rat brain neurons. J Neurochem. Mar 1997;68(3):954-960.
  72. Thompson P, Balis F, Serabe BM, et al. Pharmacokinetics of phenylacetate administered as a 30-min infusion in children with refractory cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. Nov 2003;52(5):417-423.
  73. Tsekos E, Reuter C, Stehle P, Boeden G. Perioperative administration of parenteral fish oil supplements in a routine clinical setting improves patient outcome after major abdominal surgery. Clinical Nutrition. 2004/6 2004;23(3):325-330.
  74. Vahdat L, Papadopoulos K, Lange D, et al. Reduction of Paclitaxel-induced Peripheral Neuropathy with Glutamine. Clin Cancer Res. 2001;7(5):1192-1197.
  75. van de Poll MC, Soeters PB, Deutz NE, Fearon KC, Dejong CH. Renal metabolism of amino acids: its role in interorgan amino acid exchange. Am J Clin Nutr. February 1, 2004 2004;79(2):185-197.
  76. Watford M. Glutamine Metabolism and Function in Relation to Proline Synthesis and the Safety of Glutamine and Proline Supplementation. J. Nutr. 2008;138(10):2003S-2007.
  77. Weigert C, Thamer C, Brodbeck K, et al. The -913 G/A glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase gene polymorphism is associated with measures of obesity and intramyocellular lipid content in nondiabetic subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Mar 2005;90(3):1639-1643.
  78. Wernerman J. Clinical Use of Glutamine Supplementation. J. Nutr. 2008;138(10):2040S-2044.
  79. Wilmore DW, Shabert JK. Role of glutamine in immunologic responses. Nutrition. Jul-Aug 1998;14(7-8):618-626.
  80. Wilmore DW. The effect of glutamine supplementation in patients following elective surgery and accidental injury. J Nutr. Sep 2001;131(9 Suppl):2543S-2549S; discussion 2550S-2541S.
  81. Yudkoff M, Daikhin Y, Melo TM, Nissim I, Sonnewald U, Nissim I. The Ketogenic Diet and Brain Metabolism of Amino Acids: Relationship to the Anticonvulsant Effect. Annual Review of Nutrition. 2007;27(1):415-430.
  82. Yudkoff M, Daikhin Y, Nissim I, et al. Brain Amino Acid Requirements and Toxicity: The Example of Leucine. J. Nutr. June 1, 2005 2005;135(6):1531S-1538.
  83. Zapata-Sirvent RL, Hansbrough JF, Ohara MM, Rice-Asaro M, Nyhan WL. Bacterial translocation in burned mice after administration of various diets including fiber- and glutamine-enriched enteral formulas. Crit Care Med. Apr 1994;22(4):690-696.
  84. Zhu LH, Armentano LE, Bremmer DR, Grummer RR, Bertics SJ. Plasma concentration of urea, ammonia, glutamine around calving, and the relation of hepatic triglyceride, to plasma ammonia removal and blood acid-base balance. J Dairy Sci. Apr 2000;83(4):734-740.
  85. Ziegler TR, Evans ME, Fernandez-Estivariz C, Jones DP. Trophic and Cytoprotective Nutrition for Intestinal Adaptation, Mucosal Repair, And Barrier Function. Annual Review of Nutrition. 2003;23(1):229-261.
  86. Ziegler TR. Glutamine supplementation in bone marrow transplantation. Br J Nutr. Jan 2002;87 Suppl 1:S9-15.